Introduction

Secondary hyperparathyroidism:

History:

Female Labrador with a 1 week history of vomiting, dehydration, abdominal pain, tremors and seizures. At necropsy, both kidneys were small, misshapen and fibrotic. All 4 parathyroid glands were enlarged.

Gross Pathology:

Section of thyroid and parathyroid gland. (x200)

Slide ref: 536-95 or 63-96 *

Uniform population of small, epithelioid cells arranged in cords and trabeculae, with fine fibrovascular stroma in between. (x400)

Kidney – extensive interstitial fibrosis and degeneration of kidney tubules.(x40)

Slide ref: 536-95*

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Kidney (x200)

Secondary renal hypoparathyroidism:

Secondary, renal hyperparathyroidism results from renal disease. Renal disease → decreased glomerular filtration rate → decreased phosphate excretion → increased blood phosphate → decreased blood calcium (due to mass/law equation) → increased parathormone production and release from parathyroid glands → increased calcium absorption from gut, bone etc.

Chronic calcium mobilisation from bones → severe fibrous dystrophy, most severe in cancellous bone, and generally results in “rubber jaw” (increased pliability in the mandible) in dogs.

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